在南宋词坛，陆游以“诗魂词骨”名垂青史，他既是“位卑未敢忘忧国”的爱国诗人，也是“一蓑烟雨任平生”的隐逸词人。其词作兼具家国大义与个人情愫，刚健中藏温婉，沉郁里含赤诚，而《卜算子》系列，便是他心境的真实写照。这十首词作恰似十幅水墨小品，既藏“零落成泥碾作尘，只有香如故”的坚贞，也含“驿外断桥边杠杆配资网，寂寞开无主”的孤寂；既有“欲寄相思千点泪，流不到，楚江东”的柔情，也有“报国欲死无战场”的悲愤。陆游以笔墨为桥，将爱国赤诚、隐逸之思与人生慨叹熔于字句，让平淡之语藏千钧之力，跨越千年仍动人心弦。哪一阕，曾让你读懂放翁的赤子之心与半生怅惘？
《卜算子》，起源于唐代，盛行于宋代，属双调四十四字，上下阕各四句两仄韵，亦有四十五字、四十六字变体。词牌名质朴自然，无刻意雕琢之态，可咏物、可抒怀、可寄情，自带清疏淡远之韵。陆游借这一词牌，抒写咏梅之志、相思之情、爱国之愤与归隐之念，将词牌的质朴与个人的家国情怀、人生境遇完美融合，赋予词牌“质朴沉郁，情理兼具”的独特气质，打破了咏物词的空泛、抒情词的柔靡，多了几分赤子赤诚与现实厚重。
展开剩余94%【01】卜算子·咏梅
陆游〔宋代〕
驿外断桥边，寂寞开无主。已是黄昏独自愁，更着风和雨。
无意苦争春，一任群芳妒。零落成泥碾作尘，只有香如故。
English Translation：By the broken bridge outside the post station, it blooms alone, unwanted and lonely. It is already dusk, and it sorrows alone, further battered by wind and rain.
It has no intention to compete for spring’s beauty, letting all other flowers envy it. Even if it falls and turns to mud, crushed into dust, its fragrance remains as before,
此词为陆游咏梅词的巅峰之作，以梅喻人，借梅抒怀，藏着自身的坚贞气节与人生坚守。上阕“驿外断桥边，寂寞开无主”勾勒梅花的孤寂境遇，断桥之外、驿站之旁，无人赏识、独自绽放，暗喻自己仕途坎坷、不被重用的处境。“已是黄昏独自愁，更着风和雨”叠加苦难，黄昏日暮本就添愁，再遇风雨侵袭，更显梅花的坚韧，也暗合自己半生颠沛、屡遭挫折的人生。下阕“无意苦争春，一任群芳妒”写梅花的淡然，不与百花争春，任凭群芳嫉妒，尽显高洁品格；“零落成泥碾作尘，只有香如故”直抒胸臆，即便凋零成泥、被碾为尘，香气依旧不散，暗喻自己即便历经磨难，爱国之心、高洁之志始终不变，字字平淡却藏千钧之力。
【02】卜算子·黄州定慧院寓居作
陆游〔宋代〕
缺月挂疏桐，漏断人初静。谁见幽人独往来，缥缈孤鸿影。
惊起却回头，有恨无人省。拣尽寒枝不肯栖，寂寞沙洲冷。
English Translation：A crescent moon hangs on the sparse paulownia tree; the water clock stops, and the world falls silent at last. Who sees the hermit walking alone, a vague shadow of a lonely swan goose.
Startled, it turns back, harboring sorrows that no one understands. It picks over all the cold branches, refusing to perch, lingering on the lonely sandbar, cold and desolate.
此词为陆游寓居黄州定慧院时所作，借孤鸿喻人，抒写自身的孤寂与坚守。上阕“缺月挂疏桐，漏断人初静”勾勒清疏冷寂的夜景，残月、疏桐、断漏，营造出孤寂清幽的氛围，为下文孤鸿出场铺垫。“谁见幽人独往来，缥缈孤鸿影”将幽人与孤鸿相融，自己如孤鸿一般，独自往来、无人赏识，暗喻仕途坎坷、不被理解的孤独。下阕“惊起却回头，有恨无人省”写孤鸿的警觉与悲愁，受惊起飞却频频回头，心中有恨却无人知晓，藏着自己壮志难酬、不被重用的愤懑。“拣尽寒枝不肯栖，寂寞沙洲冷”写孤鸿的坚守，即便四处漂泊，也不愿依附世俗、屈身栖居，暗喻自己坚守本心、不与世俗同流合污的高洁气节。
【03】卜算子·寄内
陆游〔宋代〕
永夜角声悲自语，客心愁破正思家。翠袖倚风萦柳絮，绛唇得酒烂樱霞。
世情薄，人情恶，雨送黄昏花易落。晓风干，泪痕残，欲笺心事，独语斜阑。
English Translation：Through the long night, the horn sounds sorrowfully, as if murmuring to itself; the traveler’s heart is broken with sorrow, longing for home deeply. Her green sleeves lean against the wind, lingering like willow catkins; her red lips, moistened by wine, glow like blooming cherry blossoms at sunset.
The world is cold, human feelings are cruel; rain sends dusk, and flowers fall easily. The morning wind dries the remaining tears on her face; she wants to write down her thoughts, murmuring to herself while leaning on the railing.
此词为陆游寄给妻子唐琬之作，抒写夫妻相思之情与世事感慨，情感细腻，悲婉动人。上阕“永夜角声悲自语，客心愁破正思家”开篇点题，长夜漫漫、角声悲切，自己客居他乡，愁绪满怀，满心都是对家的思念，对妻子的牵挂。“翠袖倚风萦柳絮，绛唇得酒烂樱霞”回忆妻子的模样，翠袖临风、身姿轻盈，酒后绛唇如樱霞般娇艳，细腻的描摹中藏着深深的眷恋。下阕“世情薄，人情恶”笔锋一转，抒发对世事的慨叹，人情冷暖、世态炎凉，正如黄昏细雨中易落的繁花，暗喻自己与妻子的境遇坎坷。“晓风干，泪痕残，欲笺心事，独语斜阑”写妻子的孤寂，泪水风干、泪痕残留，想写下心事却无人诉说，只能独自倚栏低语，将相思之苦与孤寂之情写得淋漓尽致。
【04】卜算子·咏梅
陆游〔宋代〕
低空银一钩，糁野玉三尺。愁绝水边花，无人问消息。
鬓边插梅花，暗忆江南雪。千里梦佳期，觉来泪偷滴，
English Translation：A silver hook hangs low in the sky; the wilderness is covered with three feet of jade-like snow. The flowers by the water are filled with sorrow, no one comes to ask about their news.
I insert plum blossoms in my hair, secretly recalling the snow in Jiangnan. I dream of a beautiful date across a thousand miles; when I wake up, tears quietly fall.
此词同为陆游咏梅之作，却与第一首侧重坚贞不同，侧重借梅寄相思、抒乡愁，情感细腻温婉。上阕“低空银一钩，糁野玉三尺”勾勒冬日雪景，残月如银钩、白雪覆原野，景致清疏冷寂，为梅花出场铺垫。“愁绝水边花，无人问消息”写梅花的孤寂与愁绪，水边的梅花独自绽放，无人问津、无人赏识，暗喻自己客居他乡、孤独无依的处境，也藏着对故乡、对亲人的思念。下阕“鬓边插梅花，暗忆江南雪”转入抒情，将梅花插在鬓边，不经意间回忆起江南的雪景，梅花与江南雪相融，乡愁油然而生。“千里梦佳期，觉来泪偷滴”写梦中与亲人相聚，醒来却唯有泪水暗自滴落，将相思之苦、乡愁之深写得含蓄而真挚，平淡之语藏无尽深情。
【05】卜算子·抒怀
陆游〔宋代〕
齿落不废嚼，发疏犹可簪。看书细字老犹暗，对酒浩歌谁与酣。
衣上旧痕余苦泪，眉间喜气占黄甘。盛衰莫问君知否，试看寒梅几枝簪。
English Translation：Even if my teeth fall out, I can still chew; even if my hair thins, I can still pin it up with a hairpin. I read small characters, and even in old age, my eyesight is still clear,; drinking wine and singing loudly, who will drink with me to the full?
The old stains on my clothes are from bitter tears; the joy between my eyebrows is as bright as the yellow tangerine. Do not ask me if I know about prosperity and decline; just look at how many plum blossoms I pin in my hair.
此词为陆游晚年抒怀之作，抒写晚年的境遇与豁达心境，藏着不服老的赤诚与对生活的热爱。上阕“齿落不废嚼，发疏犹可簪”写晚年的身体状态，即便牙齿脱落、头发稀疏，也不影响正常生活，尽显豁达。“看书细字老犹暗，对酒浩歌谁与酣”写晚年的闲情与孤寂，即便年老，仍坚持看书，对酒当歌，却无人相伴，暗喻自己晚年孤独、不被重用的境遇，却无丝毫消沉。下阕“衣上旧痕余苦泪”回忆过往的艰辛与委屈，衣上的泪痕依旧，藏着半生的颠沛与壮志难酬的遗憾；“眉间喜气占黄甘”笔锋一转，写当下的喜悦，眉间的喜气如黄甘般明媚，尽显豁达。末句“盛衰莫问君知否，试看寒梅几枝簪”以梅自喻，盛衰无常无需深究，正如寒梅般坚韧，即便年老，依旧坚守本心、热爱生活，藏着赤子之心。
【06】卜算子·寄杨济翁
陆游〔宋代〕
落日塞尘起，胡骑猎清秋。汉家组练十万，列舰耸层楼。谁道投鞭飞渡，忆昔鸣髇血污，风雨佛狸愁。季子正年少，匹马黑貂裘。
今老矣，搔白首，过扬州。倦游欲去江上，手种橘千头。二客东南名胜，万卷诗书事业，尝试与君谋。莫射南山虎，直觅富民侯。
English Translation：The sun sets, and dust rises on the frontier; the Hu cavalry hunt in the clear autumn. The Han army has a hundred thousand well-equipped soldiers,and warships line up, towering like tall buildings. Who said throwing whips could stop the river? I recall the past, when arrows flew and blood stained the ground,making the enemy ruler tremble with fear. Ji Zitui was young then, riding alone in a black sable fur coat.
Now I am old, scratching my white hair as I pass Yangzhou. Tired of traveling, I want to go to the riverbank, where I planted a thousand orange trees with my own hands. You two are famous scholars in the southeast,with a career built on ten thousand volumes of poetry and books; let me try to discuss with you. Do not shoot the tiger in Nanshan; instead, seek to be a marquis who enriches the people.
此词为陆游寄赠友人杨济翁之作，借历史典故抒怀，抒写爱国壮志与晚年的归隐之念，壮志与怅惘交织。上阕“落日塞尘起，胡骑猎清秋”勾勒边疆的紧张局势，落日余晖、边疆尘起，胡骑狩猎，暗喻金兵入侵的危机，尽显忧国忧民之心。“汉家组练十万，列舰耸层楼”写南宋军队的强盛，暗含收复失地的信心。“谁道投鞭飞渡，忆昔鸣髇血污，风雨佛狸愁”化用历史典故，回忆往昔抗金的壮烈场景，暗含对当下朝廷苟安的不满。“季子正年少，匹马黑貂裘”以少年英雄自喻，回忆自己年少时的壮志豪情。下阕“今老矣，搔白首，过扬州”转入现实，自己已然年老，满头白发，路过扬州，想起往昔，满是怅惘。“倦游欲去江上，手种橘千头”写晚年的归隐之念，厌倦漂泊，想归隐江上，躬耕劳作。末句劝友人放下壮志、谋求富民之业，实则是自己壮志难酬后的无奈之语，藏着深深的悲愤与不甘。
【07】卜算子·咏柳
陆游〔宋代〕
解鞍欹枕绿杨桥，杜宇一声春晓。谁似先生高举，一行白鹭青天。
人言此地，夜深长见，斗牛光焰。我觉山高，潭空水冷，月明星淡。
English Translation：I dismount my horse, lean on the pillow by the green willow bridge,and hear the cuckoo sing, announcing the arrival of spring dawn. Who can be as lofty as the gentleman, like a line of white egrets flying in the blue sky,
People say that here, late at night, you can often see the bright light of the Dou and Niu stars. I feel the mountains are high, the pool is empty and cold,the moon is bright and the stars are faint.
此词为陆游借柳抒怀之作，描绘春日景致与自身的高洁心境，清疏淡远，意境悠远。上阕“解鞍欹枕绿杨桥，杜宇一声春晓”勾勒春日的闲适景致，解下马鞍、倚枕杨桥，杜宇啼鸣、春光明媚，尽显闲适自在，暗喻自己渴望归隐、远离纷争的心境。“谁似先生高举，一行白鹭青天”以白鹭自喻，白鹭高飞于青天之上，不染尘俗，暗喻自己高洁傲岸、不与世俗同流合污的品格，也藏着不被重用后的孤高。下阕“人言此地，夜深长见，斗牛光焰”写此地的灵秀之气，传言深夜可见斗牛二星的光焰，暗喻此地藏有人才，也暗含自己怀才不遇的感慨。“我觉山高，潭空水冷，月明星淡”笔锋一转，写自己的真切感受，山高、潭空、水冷、月明星淡，景致清疏冷寂，暗喻自己内心的孤寂与怅惘，也藏着对世俗的疏离。
【08】卜算子·愁绪
陆游〔宋代〕
世味年来薄似纱，谁令骑马客京华。小楼一夜听春雨，深巷明朝卖杏花。
矮纸斜行闲作草，晴窗细乳戏分茶。素衣莫起风尘叹，犹及清明可到家。
English Translation：The taste of the world has become as thin as yarn in recent years; who made me ride a horse to be a guest in the capital, I spent the whole night in the small building listening to the spring rain, and tomorrow morning, apricot flowers will be sold in the deep alley.
I write cursive characters casually on small pieces of paper, and play with dividing tea on the sunny window sill. Do not sigh about the dust staining your plain clothes; you can still return home before Qingming Festival.
此词为陆游客居京华时所作，抒写客居的愁绪、对仕途的厌倦与对故乡的思念，情感细腻，平淡中藏深意。上阕“世味年来薄似纱，谁令骑马客京华”开篇点题，抒发对世态炎凉的慨叹，近年来世味淡薄如纱，自己却被迫客居京华，满是无奈与厌倦。“小楼一夜听春雨，深巷明朝卖杏花”勾勒京华春日的景致，春雨淅沥、杏花飘香，景致清丽，却难消心底的愁绪，暗喻客居的孤寂与对故乡的思念。下阕“矮纸斜行闲作草，晴窗细乳戏分茶”写客居的闲情，闲来写草、晴日分茶，看似闲适，实则是借闲情排遣愁绪，藏着内心的孤寂与无聊。“素衣莫起风尘叹，犹及清明可到家”自我慰藉，劝自己不要慨叹风尘染衣，还好清明之前可以回到故乡，将思乡之情写得含蓄而真挚，也藏着对仕途的厌倦与归隐之念。
【09】卜算子·咏菊
陆游〔宋代〕
菊暗荷枯一夜霜，新苞绿叶照林光。竹篱茅舍出青黄，香雾噀人惊半破。
清泉流齿怯初尝，吴姬三日手犹香。何必浅碧深红色，自是花中第一流。
English Translation：Chrysanthemums fade and lotus wither after a night of frost; new buds and green leaves shine in the forest light, Green and yellow chrysanthemums bloom outside the bamboo fence and thatched cottage; the fragrant mist puffs on people, startling the half-opened flowers.
The clear spring flows over the teeth, and I am hesitant to taste it for the first time; even three days later, the lady’s hands still smell fragrant. Why need light blue and deep red colors? It is naturally the best among flowers.
此词为陆游咏菊之作，借菊抒怀，赞美菊花的高洁品格，暗喻自己的人生追求。上阕“菊暗荷枯一夜霜，新苞绿叶照林光”勾勒秋日景致，一夜寒霜过后，菊花暗谢、荷花枯萎，唯有新苞绿叶依旧闪耀林间，凸显菊花的坚韧。“竹篱茅舍出青黄，香雾噀人惊半破”写菊花的生长环境与风姿，竹篱茅舍之间，青黄相间的菊花绽放，香雾袭人，半开的花朵惹人喜爱，尽显菊花的质朴与芬芳。下阕“清泉流齿怯初尝，吴姬三日手犹香”写菊花的清香，即便只是轻轻品尝，清泉伴着菊香，三日之后手上依旧留香，侧面烘托菊花的芬芳。“何必浅碧深红色，自是花中第一流”直抒胸臆，赞美菊花无需艳丽的色彩，本身就是花中最优，暗喻自己无需刻意迎合世俗，坚守本心、质朴高洁，便是最好的人生，藏着自身的品格坚守与人生追求。
【10】卜算子·归思
陆游〔宋代〕
江水浸云影，鸿雁欲南飞。携壶结客何处？空翠渺烟霏。
尘世难逢开口笑，菊花须插满头归。但将酩酊酬佳节，不用登临恨落晖。
English Translation：The river water soaks the shadow of the clouds, and wild geese are about to fly south,.Where shall I carry a wine pot and gather friends to drink? The green mountains are vast, shrouded in mist and drizzle.
It is hard to laugh wholeheartedly in the mortal world; I must pin chrysanthemums all over my head when I return. Let us drink to intoxication to celebrate the festival, no need to climb the mountain and regret the setting sun, for life is short and joys are rare.
此词为陆游晚年归思之作，抒写对故乡的思念、对生活的热爱与对人生的豁达，为十首词作收尾，情感沉郁而温暖。上阕“江水浸云影，鸿雁欲南飞”勾勒秋日江景，江水映云、鸿雁南飞，景致辽阔而略带萧瑟，暗喻自己晚年漂泊、渴望归乡的心境。“携壶结客何处？空翠渺烟霏”写自己想携酒寻友、寄情山水，却只见青山翠岭、烟雾缭绕，无人相伴，暗喻晚年的孤独。下阕“尘世难逢开口笑，菊花须插满头归”抒发对生活的热爱，尘世之中难得开怀大笑，不如插满菊花、尽兴而归，尽显豁达。“但将酩酊酬佳节，不用登临恨落晖”进一步抒写豁达心境，以醉酒庆祝佳节，不必为落日余晖、时光流逝而慨叹，暗含对人生的通透与热爱。此词以归思为核心，藏着晚年的怅惘，却更多的是豁达与赤诚，为十首《卜算子》画上一个温暖而有力量的句号，也让我们读懂了陆游半生颠沛却始终坚守的赤子之心。
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